Understanding Aspergers
Posted 17 February 2012
Imagine a world without the theory of relativity, the ceiling in the Sistine Chapel or the opera Don Giovanni. Each of these creations emerged from a person—Einstein, Michelangelo and Mozart, respectively—some believe had Asperger's syndrome.
What is Aspergers?
Aspergers is a neuro-developmental disorder that is classified as an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Research undertaken by the Australian Advisory Board on Autism Spectrum Disorders shows that there is on average 1 child with an autism spectrum disorder in every 160 children aged 6 to 12 years old.
Not all people that display genius have Aspergers; nor do all people that are diagnosed with Aspergers become recognised as a genius. However, there does seem to be an element of brilliance and creativity in the realm of Aspergers.
As children, people with Aspergers can be considered a ‘walking encyclopaedia' or ‘little professor' as they are incredibly knowledgeable about a topic that captures their interest. It is this unique ability to delve deeply into a particular area of interest that has been credited with playing a crucial role in bringing about innovation and creativity-often in maths and science, but in many other fields as well.
With ASDs, three main areas of development are affected.
Social interaction:
- don't develop friendships appropriate to developmental level
- non-verbal behaviour is impaired; e.g. limited eye contact and facial expressions
- ability to identify social cues and conventions is impaired
- don't spontaneously seek to share enjoyment, interest or achievements with others.
Behaviour:
- develop special interests that are unusual in their intensity and focus
- prefer routine and consistency.
Communication:
- fluent speech although have difficulty with conversation
- misinterpret language; e.g. may take things literally.
Diagnosing Aspergers
There is not just one test to diagnose Aspergers; instead, a range of in-depth assessments are used and a number of specialists and professionals involved, ensuring the most accurate diagnosis. As part of the diagnosis, psychologists or psychiatrists will refer to the criteria for autistic disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (IV).
It may seem daunting to have so many people involved in the process, but accurate, early diagnosis of Aspergers can make a significant difference and provides the best outcome for a child with an autism spectrum disorder.
What causes Aspergers?
It is not known why some people have Aspergers and others do not. There is some evidence that suggests genetics plays a role, although what role and how significant that role is, no-one is sure. No specific gene has been identified as leading to Aspergers; however, Aspergers can run in families and there can be a prevalence of Asperger-type behaviours in family members of people diagnosed with Aspergers.
Treating Aspergers
While there is currently no cure for Aspergers, there are many therapies and interventions that are beneficial. Every person with Aspergers will have different challenges and so an individualised approach needs to be taken. A few of the common approaches are social skills training, cognitive behaviour therapy (help manage emotions, repetitive behaviours or obsessions) and speech and language therapy (help build conversation skills). With early intervention, appropriate strategies, techniques and support can be put in place.
More information
Asperger Services Australia—provides support to members, including parents, carers, families, individuals, service providers and professionals.
Aspie Partners—information for people whose partner has Aspergers or Asperger traits.
Early Days—Parenting Research Centre's online workshop for parents or carers of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Raising Children Network—comprehensive resources and information for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, including Aspergers.
Tony Attwood—guide for parents, professionals and people with Asperger's syndrome and their partners.
