Skin cancer explained

Skin cancer is common. Australia has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world, and Queensland has the highest rate in Australia.

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radation from the sun is the leading cause of skin cancer. When your skin is damaged by UV radiation, like a sunburn, changes happen in the structure and function of skin cells. If the UV damage continues, the cells become less able to repair which increases the risk of skin cancer.

Quick facts

  • In 2020, 49% of adults and 45% of children in Queensland reported being sunburnt in the previous 12 months.
  • In 2020-21, Queenslanders had 30,275 episodes of care for skin cancer in Queensland hospitals.
  • Each year, more than 3,600 Queenslanders are diagnosed with melanoma—the most serious form of skin cancer.

Types of skin cancer

There are 3 main types of skin cancer, they are related to the type of skin cells where the cancer occurs. They are:

  1. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)—a type of skin cancer that develops in the basal cells of the top layer (epidermis) of the skin.
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)—begins in the squamous cells, which are found in several places in the body including the top layer (epidermis) of the skin, in the main airways of the lung and in the cervix.
  3. Melanoma—a tumour of melanin-forming cells, especially a malignant tumour associated with skin cancer.

There are other types of skin spots and changes that are not skin cancer but might be a warning sign. A key step in preventing skin cancer is knowing your skin and noticing changes. Speak to your doctor about any concerns you have and ask about having a skin check.

Read more about these types of skin cancer, including signs, symptoms and treatment.

Reagan—'It only happens to old people, right?'

Hear Reagan's story of having a melanoma removed at just 17 years of age.

Duration 02:25

Reagan: When I was growing up I noticed a bit of a mark on my cheek, I didn’t think anything of it. When I got to high school it sort of got a bit more noticeable and people were like, “get that piece of dust of your face”, but it wouldn’t rub away it was there permanently, just a mole that I thought was nothing.

Yeah if you drew it on a ruler it wasn’t big, but hold it up to your face, well its half your face. After I got it out I had to wear tape over half of my face, which didn’t do much for my confidence either. That had to happen for about two months. It also covered half my hairline as well.

I got the mole cut out and not positive that it was a melanoma. Just for biopsy and just to test what it was. We got the call within in two days and went into the doctor, and we sort of sat there and he told me I had a stage two melanoma. Mum and I just burst into tears.

When I was diagnosed with melanoma I was seventeen years old. I was about two months out of year twelve and two months from starting uni. So just the time when I was about to step out into the big wide world, and I had no idea what was happening.

I went to the cricket one year and people sit in the sun with no shirts on and you can see them turning red. I just wanted to yell out to someone grow a brain! When you try to get people to put sunscreen on and they say no, I just get so frustrated with some people who just don’t care they say this will never happen to me and that’s exactly what I thought and what many people still think.

Further information