Skip links and keyboard navigation

Progressive enhancement

For the purposes of graded browser support, web technologies have been separated into the following layers (equivalent alternative formats have been specified where they are required to ensure all content is accessible):

Content layer
Web technologiesEquivalent alternative format required (IS26 / WCAG)
HTML/XHTML
(including forms and/or ARIA semantics)
None
Media
(JPEG, PNG, GIF, SVG, Audio, Video)
Plain text or HTML/XHTML
Downloadable documents
(open formats)
Multiple formats should be provided to ensure users without particular software are not disadvantaged
Presentation layer
Web technologiesEquivalent alternative format required (IS26 / WCAG)
CSS None (also, do not use deprecated HTML or presentational attributes as an alternative)
Background images None
Behaviour layer
Web technologiesEquivalent alternative format required (IS26 / WCAG)
JavaScript (Unobtrusive DHTML) None (Content Layer must be sufficient)
Ajax (Hijax) None (Content Layer must be sufficient)
Flash HTML/XHTML (Optionally with media)

Websites and web applications must be functional for all browsers that support the content layer technologies used (even if they don’t support presentation layer or behaviour layer technologies).

Whenever possible a progressive enhancement approach should be used to add layers based on browser capabilities (try to limit use of hacks, workarounds or browser-sniffing).

Last reviewed
26 March 2011
Last updated
04 April 2011