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Acronyms and abbreviations

Acronyms

Write the words in full the first time the term is mentioned, with the acronym in brackets immediately afterwards. Use just the acronym thereafter: Internet service provider (ISP); Quality assurance (QA) is carried out; The QA processes are documented in...

Use acronyms sparingly to avoid repetition of long terms-they are unnecessary for terms used only once.

Well-known acronyms such as Anzac, Qantas, BHP can be used alone.

Acronyms are not punctuated and take upper case: ATO not A.T.O; MOU not mou.

When spelt out, the related terms are not capitalised unless they are proper names: non-government organisation (NGO); Australian Height Datum (AHT).

Abbreviations and other shortened forms

Use a full stop when the abbreviation ends differently from the word: Dec., Mon., tel., etc. (abbreviation of etcetera), but: Dr, Mr, Qld, dept, Cwlth, Pty Ltd

Common abbreviations

Do not use an apostrophe when making shortened words and phrases plural by adding s: MPs not MP's; FAQs not FAQ's; 1960s not 1960's.

Symbols of measurement do not take full stops: ha, km, A$ and never take a plural s: 8 kg not 8 kgs).

Use the ampersand (&):

  • in text when citing a work by joint authors in parenthesis, but use and when the authors' names are in the body of the text: This recent study (Lightfoot & Barry) indicates; This recent work by Lightfoot and Barry...
  • in tables and figures for corporate and company names only.

Supporting information

More detailed information can be found in our references section.

Last reviewed
01 April 2011
Last updated
17 May 2011